{"id":"W4414946712","doi":"10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108950","title":"Environmental bonds and public liability for resource extraction site cleanup","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Economics","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Liability; Damages; Context (archaeology); Natural gas; Lease; Bankruptcy; Natural resource; Bond; Insolvency; Surety","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003041385,0.0002978031,0.0005991674,0.001298599,0.001054121,0.003060571,0.0007972627,0.004790538,0.0123556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02837639,0.0004909257,0.0005815488,0.001228614,0.001727882,0.003854473,0.001462976,0.003876798,0.0007131256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002630298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00184303,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01054546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01311733,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987435,0.0003614431,0.00009904371,0.0001360154,0.0002224886,0.0004374619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9703493,0.01678021,0.007736762,0.001135053,0.00182322,0.002175494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009497482,0.0005770923,0.1598573,0.0001360038,0.0001817248,0.001261326,0.0006833431,0.08345407,0.0007972505,0.7037683,0.02423064,0.02410335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001469272,0.000368287,0.07787675,0.0001619394,0.0003031495,0.0007710639,0.002427067,0.127981,0.001539291,0.7720209,0.01628598,0.0001176563],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9029679,0.00261904,0.015833,0.02230604,0.0002758316,0.00004119993,0.001340405,0.0001706249,0.05444599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913085,0.0004396184,0.0001943581,0.0002080527,0.0001230291,0.00000853414,0.000221617,0.00001509823,0.007481165],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0123556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04133356,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03745775968698408,"score_gpt":0.225343535125355,"score_spread":0.1878857754383709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}