{"id":"W4414958908","doi":"10.3897/neobiota.103.163919","title":"Biosecurity risks from weeds in crop seed lots imported into Canada: prevalence, trends, and herbicide resistance","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NeoBiota","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"PGG Wrightson Seeds; Canadian Food Inspection Agency","keywords":"Biosecurity; Noxious weed; Crop; Weed; Agriculture; Resistance (ecology); Crop loss","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000106799,0.0001418594,0.0002039069,0.00002565192,0.000163896,0.00004814762,0.0002461421,0.00009238029,0.0001588525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002724043,0.00006714563,0.00003422221,0.0006624295,0.0000676097,0.0000561615,0.00007420054,0.0001589113,0.000003245999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008042044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006097334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8977348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9883856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989378,0.00005173692,0.0002667557,0.0003818542,0.000122604,0.0002391819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995417,0.0001524839,0.00007351163,0.0001101004,0.0000405553,0.00008161996],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001356086,0.0001242039,0.2638024,0.00003824249,0.00004790733,0.0000151961,0.0001335441,0.000001638558,0.6592093,0.001787841,0.008815865,0.06588823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002343354,0.0000136508,0.9596181,0.00004913267,0.00001791519,2.662609e-7,0.00005828786,0.00002649665,0.000919953,0.00271084,0.03622024,0.0001307732],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9803839,0.003506148,0.00000106114,0.01158779,0.00006352339,0.0001558532,0.000121948,0.00003796081,0.004141799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967347,0.00004823961,0.00005465157,0.0006799743,0.00007214664,0.0000311447,0.00005383554,8.329494e-7,0.002324451],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6958157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2738119,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01088036922662913,"score_gpt":0.2343460732477199,"score_spread":0.2234657040210908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}