{"id":"W4414972522","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2025.1684894","title":"Ethical arguments that support intentional animal killing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Geographies of human-animal interactions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Emissions Reduction Alberta","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Norges Forskningsråd; European Commission; Biodiversa+","keywords":"Ethical theories; Animal ethics; Variety (cybernetics); Animal rights; Virtue ethics; Animal welfare; Non-human","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01023881,0.000328079,0.00029394,0.001076265,0.003803843,0.003742914,0.0009403197,0.00595873,0.005195388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02021569,0.0002070077,0.0003516962,0.0006844713,0.03514272,0.004843244,0.003974587,0.004668117,0.0006988911],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002312202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002061584,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001165946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002096465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9901313,0.006364966,0.0003230193,0.0008124306,0.001763544,0.0006047233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9787961,0.01375438,0.003161501,0.001910078,0.001659149,0.0007189497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003836415,0.000006020896,0.0006539228,0.00003391572,0.000006800502,0.0001025788,0.002416381,0.0001891892,0.0001297897,0.9888775,0.00307058,0.004509575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001000829,0.00001010754,0.001504058,0.0002346864,0.00001175898,0.0003296158,0.0030086,0.0004723776,0.0003116716,0.8721151,0.1219746,0.0000174716],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06800554,0.005171249,0.0582905,0.1677832,0.001149687,0.00004593819,0.00007386732,0.0001128256,0.6993672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9646203,0.00123501,0.00991987,0.01388182,0.0003369589,0.00006088194,0.00003682692,0.00004818142,0.009860166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01023881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05414867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01450827884115185,"score_gpt":0.3091869459989176,"score_spread":0.2946786671577657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}