{"id":"W4414983035","doi":"10.1177/215416471905400407","title":"Comparison of Concrete and App-Based Manipulatives to Teach Subtraction Skills to Elementary Students with Autism","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education and training in autism and developmental disabilities","topic":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Autism; Subtraction; Intervention (counseling); Teaching method; Psychological intervention; Learning disability; Special education; Elementary mathematics; Primary education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001966377,0.0001521541,0.0002314874,0.000203614,0.0001115252,0.00007519138,0.00009591043,0.00003462611,0.0001063628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007619242,0.0001420135,0.000009743568,0.0002120553,0.0002052619,0.0002052401,0.00008225359,0.000117868,0.000009295071],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008040618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001815535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001669347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001042706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986635,0.00008507739,0.0002760326,0.0004258985,0.0003109867,0.0002384317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994173,0.0003020866,0.00004990015,0.00009055193,0.000004999058,0.0001351628],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008161744,0.0001590299,0.8750119,0.0001005271,0.000006388662,3.077278e-7,0.1004662,0.00001119399,0.003657432,0.01342727,0.00002503391,0.0070532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006438648,0.0002800008,0.9192643,0.0001509995,0.000003554161,0.00000813418,0.07449051,0.00007790593,0.003619735,0.0009619644,0.0003082032,0.000190878],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961004,0.00005035961,0.00004545484,0.001841972,0.0001007168,0.0007662924,0.00001401682,0.00002447124,0.001056279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970004,0.000009891942,0.002068311,0.0003573849,0.000003902464,0.00008529523,0.00001436043,0.00001339642,0.0004470663],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04425241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.579114,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03894444860418689,"score_gpt":0.3590971026482607,"score_spread":0.3201526540440738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}