{"id":"W4415026813","doi":"10.1007/s00238-025-02339-w","title":"Frontalis atrophy and brow ptosis in aging vs. chronic BoNTA use: a large-scale facial computational modelling study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Plastic Surgery","topic":"Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; SKiN Health","funders":"","keywords":"Atrophy; Botulinum toxin; Ptosis; Frontalis muscle; Facial muscles","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001493178,0.0001556719,0.0005194424,0.0008133815,0.00008612883,0.00006944262,0.00006332334,0.00002826271,0.000041016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000527282,0.0001430485,0.0001819121,0.0003089537,0.00004331944,0.0002032592,0.00005162859,0.0003331398,0.000003908418],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001519729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002615579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002084286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002071015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980635,0.0003556164,0.0008193257,0.0001850826,0.0003561873,0.0002202577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981794,0.001207857,0.0002331303,0.00009106759,0.0001721673,0.0001163653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008656553,0.0006779334,0.9633861,0.00007369672,0.0002331867,0.001564265,0.00121035,0.01204123,0.0002314739,0.00005568967,0.007837726,0.01182275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003123776,0.0004465464,0.9279072,0.001571323,0.0001632735,0.0001149877,0.0006937317,0.04087779,0.00006739316,0.00005475295,0.02469635,0.0002828639],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8940701,0.0002763192,0.1044133,0.0003173753,0.0005379778,0.0001192091,0.00001104615,0.00002619697,0.0002283979],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983294,0.00008864763,0.001065422,0.0003054853,0.00008965916,0.000001375467,0.000009627288,0.00002136147,0.00008903825],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1042593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.583335,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02346185503667851,"score_gpt":0.2635527724141715,"score_spread":0.240090917377493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}