{"id":"W4415029968","doi":"10.21511/ee.16(3).2025.10","title":"Recycling and natural resource extraction: Insights from monopoly and social planner perspectives","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Economics","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Natural resource; Social planner; Scarcity; Monopoly; Resource (disambiguation); Natural monopoly; Population; Sustainable development; Profit (economics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000139311,0.00008389041,0.00008368992,0.00003847874,0.0001233539,0.00004867109,0.00002579893,0.00005713274,0.00004300371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001652411,0.00009619287,0.00001463944,0.00001181923,0.00005217373,0.0002276992,0.00001708662,0.0001211862,0.000008872882],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007938928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002774924,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004293389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001302088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996613,0.000006867154,0.0001082804,0.0001462675,0.00001689238,0.00006038465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998766,0.00003975925,0.00002025976,0.00004210043,7.250684e-7,0.00002061143],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001163471,0.0008055239,0.03807179,0.0004097447,0.002568039,0.00004122411,0.1373038,0.05742149,0.3419337,0.06660948,0.02038945,0.3332822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001630451,0.0000310444,0.1364027,0.00002355345,0.00006927307,0.00001859518,0.04592461,0.07183882,0.01937711,0.004401684,0.719489,0.0007931945],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890061,0.003679585,0.00012846,0.0001807113,0.0001563661,0.00004328018,0.00001175138,0.00004862806,0.006745144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975108,0.0009670429,0.0001726884,0.0001098464,0.00008302804,0.000004277374,0.00002340186,0.000009085944,0.001119852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6990995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3922631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003841176950677163,"score_gpt":0.1955179158617729,"score_spread":0.1916767389110957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}