{"id":"W4415029968","doi":"10.21511/ee.16(3).2025.10","title":"Recycling and natural resource extraction: Insights from monopoly and social planner perspectives","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Economics","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Natural resource; Social planner; Scarcity; Monopoly; Resource (disambiguation); Natural monopoly; Population; Sustainable development; Profit (economics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002784823,0.0006245396,0.0008832306,0.001545854,0.0009787901,0.002982591,0.001115637,0.002087125,0.01268038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003886606,0.0004821667,0.0009845851,0.001332007,0.005398752,0.00464906,0.002316006,0.001322597,0.0004251476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00406531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003009344,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003982334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003483303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988227,0.0005993701,0.00002865271,0.00009570945,0.0002337749,0.0002197796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965129,0.002369482,0.000457422,0.0001691827,0.0002573389,0.0002335771],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002867777,0.00007100417,0.0004410953,0.0001032775,0.00001394227,0.0001096517,0.0001849853,0.04160302,0.0002991366,0.9516518,0.0008695271,0.004623821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002658539,0.00004873544,0.0006285875,0.00007357617,0.00001547503,0.00008056247,0.0004336509,0.09156556,0.0002512628,0.8992864,0.007569439,0.00002009112],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2277943,0.0087751,0.3200757,0.02562696,0.0001706899,0.0002705967,0.0003624014,0.0001231105,0.4168012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.976622,0.003822211,0.007424867,0.000354445,0.0001051659,0.00008703161,0.00003133449,0.00002717547,0.01152581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01268038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04242009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003841176950677163,"score_gpt":0.1955179158617729,"score_spread":0.1916767389110957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}