{"id":"W4415040142","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126758","title":"Hydrogen microgrids to facilitate the clean energy transition in remote, northern communities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Carleton University; Nvidia","keywords":"Diesel fuel; Cost of electricity by source; Resource (disambiguation); Energy security; Electricity; Renewable energy; Wind power; Microgrid","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004036508,0.0004463379,0.0005169487,0.0004390201,0.0003141488,0.0000839041,0.0008992389,0.0002100433,0.00005386532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001045602,0.0003788489,0.0001620247,0.001184321,0.0001653627,0.00007919683,0.0001824585,0.0002242936,0.00005177405],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002986032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001145791,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4332142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6161517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973997,0.0003556788,0.0007238862,0.0004659434,0.0003269198,0.0007279137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982672,0.0002451391,0.00009153076,0.001188918,0.0000733228,0.0001338519],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001704152,0.0001237725,0.00004326103,0.00003052499,0.0001832252,0.00001846853,0.003372356,0.5909591,0.0115038,0.1303435,0.001969293,0.2612822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001135254,0.00006288593,0.0001258783,0.0001168628,0.000038938,0.00001271304,0.005443121,0.006363387,0.07027513,0.008954919,0.9068261,0.00064482],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5812398,0.0007868022,0.03198318,0.002741606,0.0006909435,0.0003276079,0.00003834122,0.0005929396,0.3815988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888438,0.0001282714,0.0001477323,0.003810547,0.0001701206,0.0002065497,0.000170631,0.00007602086,0.006446312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9048568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01501648355885591,"score_gpt":0.2059583141421803,"score_spread":0.1909418305833244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}