{"id":"W4415048020","doi":"10.1007/s40831-025-01269-y","title":"Coating of Biocarbon to Reduce Reactivity for Slag Foaming Applications in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Steelmaking; Coating; Slag (welding); Porosity; Thermogravimetric analysis; Electric arc furnace; Particle (ecology); Reactivity (psychology)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000158745,0.0002971862,0.0002086822,0.0002622838,0.0001483311,0.000231756,0.0001575017,0.0002936863,0.0004376789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002251229,0.0001409183,0.0002614475,0.0001950715,0.0001687284,0.0002086152,0.0001460265,0.0002571949,0.0001559575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002770239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001238026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008914788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002252309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998308,0.000017342,0.00001536179,0.00003290416,0.00007054029,0.00003293311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998648,0.00002091047,0.00003909295,0.00001522138,0.00004658951,0.00001330612],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003806678,0.000008980697,0.0002252093,0.00005022329,0.000005386844,0.00004820713,0.0000110248,0.0002017346,0.9979526,0.0000386907,0.00002092943,0.001398873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002181718,0.00008685801,0.001136403,0.000004866968,0.000008719002,0.00004068007,0.0000141633,0.001026697,0.9971113,0.00001123655,0.0005531867,0.000003709146],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946539,0.0007617411,0.003508988,0.00002333287,0.00002160193,0.00001602023,0.00007659125,0.00004671443,0.0008911148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972384,0.0002589329,0.00196634,0.00001184313,0.000002637834,0.000006715792,0.00004639972,0.00001076674,0.0004579491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008914788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002009988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00817160114549663,"score_gpt":0.2581496937447724,"score_spread":0.2499780925992758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}