{"id":"W4415069839","doi":"10.1016/j.jii.2025.100975","title":"Towards human digital twin: Reviewing human modelling and simulation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration","topic":"Ergonomics and Human Factors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Key (lock); Component (thermodynamics); Simulation modeling; Field (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002886602,0.0001016816,0.0001774863,0.0003549757,0.0001128405,0.0003731751,0.00007126481,0.0001180307,0.00001474625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006625657,0.00009021178,0.00006509541,0.000116903,0.00001431051,0.002727331,0.00001135044,0.0003054008,0.000002361287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001510882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003231248,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007165098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001641571,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989325,0.00001076704,0.0008278887,0.00003336453,0.0001175321,0.00007794735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994367,0.000026778,0.000245681,0.00005987951,0.0001931126,0.00003779918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001518603,0.000007061004,0.0001995618,0.00003232406,0.00004553888,1.936292e-7,0.0009464732,0.9172463,0.000185813,0.006923993,0.001178878,0.07321861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001931421,0.0002014125,0.0004304128,0.001130588,0.00008504721,0.000006044791,0.001070488,0.9509659,0.002510733,0.005782667,0.03554571,0.0003395589],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7841128,0.0000855715,0.2070371,0.00005566641,0.0006109115,0.0001485281,0.000006618147,0.00003903447,0.007903811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994919,0.00003138265,0.0001726064,0.00002925841,0.0002146673,0.000001288789,0.00003238747,0.000004949998,0.00002153205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2153791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3678729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05636787363702022,"score_gpt":0.2784196155022139,"score_spread":0.2220517418651937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}