{"id":"W4415078163","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107979","title":"Automated evaluation of safety at the conceptual stage: An index-based methodology for units and processes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","topic":"Risk and Safety Analysis","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche du Québec","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); SAFER; Process (computing); Conceptual design; Index (typography); Computation; Scale (ratio); Code (set theory)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006094329,0.0001581847,0.0003009738,0.0001594428,0.0007472252,0.00004061157,0.0001899556,0.0001419752,0.0001473409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002033784,0.0001065493,0.00003968113,0.0007499355,0.00062864,0.000343686,0.00007705452,0.0001192045,0.000001596705],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001005659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001569475,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007052073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003115178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971702,0.0008791355,0.0005824924,0.000496901,0.0007078038,0.0001635246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981993,0.0009142851,0.0003578891,0.0002498677,0.0002267255,0.00005192727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007635694,0.0002651493,0.01858036,0.0003695662,0.0001909453,3.361402e-7,0.004607137,0.4391416,0.005318624,0.0004772537,0.00002961328,0.5233837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002805589,0.0003784795,0.04496077,0.00004019601,0.0002945886,0.000004630796,0.01342358,0.9060246,0.01451802,0.01403966,0.003269252,0.0002406523],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5729858,0.001300712,0.4216443,0.001573174,0.00008572652,0.001900234,0.0001980285,0.00006437254,0.0002476151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988295,0.0002351238,0.0002459032,0.00009091187,0.00001353118,0.0001789156,0.00006472103,0.000007517487,0.000333827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5231431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5747128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1796314526492938,"score_gpt":0.4056217764290428,"score_spread":0.225990323779749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}