{"id":"W4415092555","doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01917-8","title":"Global burden of 292 causes of death in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lancet","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":275,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of the Fraser Valley; Canadian Red Cross Society; Alberta Health Services; McGill University; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes; Health Sciences North; University of Alberta; University Health Network; University of Manitoba; Université de Montréal; Population Health Research Institute; Western University; Hospital for Sick Children; University of New Brunswick; McMaster University; Impact; York University; BC Children's Hospital; University of Windsor; University of Calgary; University of Waterloo; University of British Columbia; Dalhousie University; University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research; Queen's University","funders":"Institut canadien d'information sur la santé; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Center for Health Statistics; Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council; Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University; Sixth Framework Programme; Science and Engineering Research Board; National Health and Medical Research Council; Eurostat; Medical Research Council; Economic Growth Center, Yale University; Fifth Framework Programme; Seventh Framework Programme; Rollins School of Public Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institutes of Health; National Science and Technology Council; National Institute on Aging; Suicide Prevention Australia; Tasmanian Department of Health; National Institute for Medical Research; Universiteit van Tilburg; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; Ministry of Health, State of Israel; University of Ghana; Ministry of Public Health; Novo Nordisk; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Monash University; University of Tasmania; Socialdepartementet; AstraZeneca; Tufts University; European Commission; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; National Institute of Mental Health; Ministry of Health and Population; Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării; Sociedad Madrileña de Nefrología; United States Agency for International Development; Gilead Research Scholars; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Fresenius Medical Care North America; European Food Safety Authority; H. Lundbeck A/S; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation; University of Sydney; Ministry of Health, New Zealand; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology; World Health Organization; Wellcome Trust; Ministero della Salute; Nepal Health Research Council, Government of Nepal; Queensland Health; Eli Lilly and Company; Health Protection Agency; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Addis Ababa University; Gilead Sciences; International Association for Suicide Prevention; Swedish Orphan Biovitrum; Astellas Pharma; Bayer; University of Michigan; Université de Lausanne; Universitatea 'Dunărea de Jos' Galați; Indian Council of Medical Research; Department of Health and Social Care; National Research University Higher School of Economics; Universidad de Costa Rica; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; Yale University; Japan Science and Technology Agency; International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society; Sanofi; The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance; Peking University; National Institute for Health and Care Research; University of California Berkeley; Pfizer; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Public Health Institute; Biogen; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; GAVI Alliance; David and Lucile Packard Foundation","keywords":"Burden of disease; Disease burden; Disease; Global health; Double burden; Cause of death","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006559425,0.001127382,0.00279969,0.008411923,0.0003842977,0.000796056,0.0006715104,0.0006542291,0.001699218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009314873,0.0007408822,0.008388351,0.01402456,0.0003841565,0.000586891,0.001351865,0.0007148072,0.0004872553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001837602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008004406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07464872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.117432,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963504,0.001296005,0.0007761001,0.0005338903,0.00088805,0.0001554765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948273,0.001614286,0.00140497,0.0003060207,0.001649296,0.000198119],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009507699,0.00004729674,0.5381283,0.1118896,0.05301565,0.0004127621,0.0009538105,0.00521291,0.0006555947,0.001667352,0.07912602,0.20794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005729578,0.0002162753,0.7667448,0.08244631,0.0541621,0.001124535,0.0009507588,0.003720341,0.0005758345,0.001647987,0.08765792,0.0001801406],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07218483,0.6262723,0.006304538,0.002335379,0.0005677248,0.0009666958,0.2877972,0.0002934774,0.003277827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3477861,0.5073278,0.01612543,0.001807775,0.0002969333,0.003676635,0.1216999,0.0001327099,0.001146743],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07464872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1484284,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02321389324970612,"score_gpt":0.3359092762858264,"score_spread":0.3126953830361203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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