{"id":"W4415097894","doi":"10.1038/s44222-025-00355-w","title":"Modelling sex differences of neurological disorders in vitro","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Reviews Bioengineering","topic":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health","funders":"","keywords":"In vitro; Disease; Multiple sclerosis; Central nervous system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002417061,0.0001294259,0.0004900736,0.000172184,0.00001365141,0.000003179371,0.00008899155,0.0002297774,0.000005815898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001175191,0.00009407694,0.0001017334,0.0004247318,0.00001710464,0.00001879639,0.00002518186,0.0006669564,0.000001025827],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001716039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002218721,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001315561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003255739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991007,0.00003802675,0.0003477433,0.0002276381,0.0001017639,0.0001840881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996085,0.00008070232,0.00003568876,0.0002129142,0.00001874495,0.00004346342],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002568047,0.0002608733,0.1191426,0.01238528,0.00008580106,0.00002168576,0.0005167983,0.009980371,0.007406378,0.001705212,0.0001861307,0.8480521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002131272,0.0004314392,0.05181066,0.003875136,0.0001754604,0.00002826958,0.0002072839,0.7217667,0.006378258,0.001298373,0.211228,0.0006691846],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5739322,0.406207,0.01299828,0.002711445,0.0007196732,0.001341533,0.000005783186,0.0001049392,0.0019791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9779024,0.01883831,0.002842448,0.0002912349,0.00003984384,0.0000221893,0.000005881077,0.000006772129,0.00005093914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8473829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3836346,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03396188031798186,"score_gpt":0.320596075424579,"score_spread":0.2866341951065972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}