{"id":"W4415121326","doi":"10.1016/j.ecresq.2025.10.003","title":"Young children’s moral judgments of lying in the digital era: Evaluating privacy lies in online and offline interactions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Early Childhood Research Quarterly","topic":"Child Development and Digital Technology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"Singapore Children's Society; Ministry of Education - Singapore; National University of Singapore","keywords":"Personally identifiable information; Lying; Online and offline; The Internet; Information privacy; Internet users; Information sensitivity; Social media","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001735655,0.0001237492,0.000217516,0.0008330503,0.0003397854,0.0003721665,0.0005623811,0.00009044775,0.00001173382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001062108,0.0001024136,0.00004637693,0.001463875,0.0004271647,0.0006820559,0.0001417976,0.0007835818,0.000006276842],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000109666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003629381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002840664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00660273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976906,0.0003358159,0.0004491335,0.0003179084,0.0007014576,0.000505053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990041,0.0005207685,0.0000726392,0.0002396697,0.0001146222,0.00004816191],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003125508,0.0006754655,0.6724438,0.000009192795,0.0000332962,0.000006779062,0.09885715,0.00000117276,0.00006447625,0.006382124,0.000235413,0.2212599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007363003,0.0002499263,0.9659109,0.0001783595,0.000002850556,0.000002140389,0.02062156,0.00002065423,0.00001743192,0.01206064,0.0001074416,0.00009187157],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.985101,0.0002144574,0.000007584124,0.004594486,0.00007882708,0.000694325,0.00001889356,0.00003411421,0.009256355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992598,0.00003596081,0.0001552073,0.00004166827,0.00005906267,0.00003523281,0.00002503296,0.000007632352,0.0003804558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.293467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4294253,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06116249886137031,"score_gpt":0.4035629112405528,"score_spread":0.3424004123791825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}