{"id":"W4415127040","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c13900","title":"Disinfection Byproducts Confirmed over 50 Years: Systematic Curation, Modes of Toxic Action, and Toxicogenomics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Alberta Innovates; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Toxicogenomics; Identification (biology); Metabolome; Transcriptome; Human health; Risk assessment; Human proteome project; Genomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002237362,0.0001351063,0.0001818392,0.0002980212,0.0002237413,0.00003250465,0.0001805617,0.00009614379,0.0001645672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004500043,0.0001225011,0.00002831664,0.0007222702,0.001503855,0.0005822716,0.0002313852,0.00007384747,0.00006042128],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004784464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001449442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000078832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003515419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988364,0.00002549069,0.0002532849,0.0004356652,0.0002217805,0.0002274101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995038,0.0000185683,0.0001257663,0.0003041947,0.000003021149,0.00004463413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009362698,0.0001589961,0.1406366,0.00007710987,0.0000114799,7.281109e-7,0.0001209448,0.0002266418,0.8558274,0.00077376,0.00002852952,0.002128431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005161851,0.0001861478,0.4267181,0.0001189057,0.00007380691,0.00002016401,0.0005912266,0.0007093649,0.5658038,0.004665223,0.0003753836,0.0002216985],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974873,0.0001186669,0.0007332515,0.0001468954,0.0001455658,0.0004531569,0.0000036528,0.00006562678,0.0008458848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992955,0.00006672249,0.0002089948,0.00002931848,0.000007001123,0.00003704805,0.000003692704,0.000005950719,0.0003457775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2900236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5541016,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005550098647171366,"score_gpt":0.2244876767482512,"score_spread":0.2189375781010799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}