{"id":"W4415145545","doi":"10.2147/copd.s531972","title":"Lung Cancer Risk in US Adults with COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of COPD","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Cancer Institute; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Institutes of Health; Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Foundation","keywords":"Lung cancer; Incidence (geometry); COPD; Epidemiology; Race (biology); Risk factor; Cancer; Lifetime risk","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01095663,0.00257127,0.01746044,0.007163728,0.0007082046,0.002996989,0.002111115,0.002173518,0.003176259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02998242,0.001566021,0.03901039,0.008011012,0.0006477195,0.001623792,0.001464802,0.001774272,0.0002971817],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002934129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004687623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01146791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02517981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9921239,0.003310738,0.002420422,0.0008580594,0.0009936885,0.0002931729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9849579,0.01057887,0.002420526,0.0004286438,0.001426816,0.0001872174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001016204,0.00002469964,0.005191342,0.5084218,0.4725698,0.0001389111,0.00009117337,0.0006341864,0.0001854927,0.00010813,0.0008575805,0.01076058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004017383,0.0001390096,0.004415726,0.04407194,0.9486308,0.0001380653,0.00004681234,0.0002051312,0.0001058552,0.0001459664,0.001671919,0.00002703501],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003813043,0.9942643,0.0003800912,0.0001884462,0.0001075066,0.0002954942,0.0007136283,0.00002317049,0.0002143749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1156271,0.8783773,0.002214243,0.0008754055,0.0002124812,0.001352501,0.001070551,0.00002345861,0.0002468554],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01746044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05794489,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03024992758351819,"score_gpt":0.3979867021179184,"score_spread":0.3677367745344002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}