{"id":"W4415181277","doi":"10.1007/s00382-025-07856-9","title":"Concurrent wintertime cold spells in North America and warm or cold spells in Europe","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate Dynamics","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Uppsala Universitet","keywords":"Extreme Cold; Atmospheric circulation; Cold wave; Western europe; Cold front; General Circulation Model; Period (music); Climate change","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002690235,0.0001711968,0.0002339571,0.0006654204,0.0003806106,0.0007309713,0.00016517,0.0001678672,0.001451269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006811717,0.00008877285,0.000271703,0.001249333,0.0001826828,0.0003019284,0.0004647034,0.0001949274,0.0001166976],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004199421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004877237,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08847224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2014684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998367,0.00001726992,0.00001543478,0.0000627265,0.00002847803,0.00003941265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993016,0.00008867464,0.0003261668,0.0000437114,0.0001363821,0.0001034805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004929097,0.000009246717,0.9944469,0.00002545775,0.0001255099,0.00009314117,0.0001727681,0.0003793119,0.001084774,0.00007885589,0.00071156,0.002823257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001286082,0.00000228278,0.9994255,0.00000590991,0.000009769103,0.00001289451,0.0001072911,0.00009152587,0.00004005977,0.00001417161,0.0002876949,0.00000150003],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969278,0.0003865515,0.0001045555,0.00005724437,0.00001233977,0.000002390944,0.001343916,0.00001036332,0.001154777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980996,0.0001746789,0.00008767031,0.00002542801,0.00001278442,0.000003365705,0.001408874,0.000003246366,0.0001844128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08847224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1759146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009992923080188799,"score_gpt":0.2399801306693545,"score_spread":0.2299872075891657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}