{"id":"W4415183385","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-96767-2_20","title":"Distortional Buckling Analysis of Steel Bridge Girders: A Comparison of Beam and Shell Element Modelling","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","topic":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Girder; Buckling; Shell (structure); Finite element method; Beam (structure); Bridge (graph theory); Parametric statistics; Bracing; Flange","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003163144,0.0003190022,0.0005118389,0.000534313,0.0002049047,0.0005675347,0.001148513,0.0005968132,0.004611226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007659715,0.0003678405,0.0004979795,0.0004674909,0.0003064022,0.0006109896,0.0003688877,0.0003186769,0.0007555989],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003818075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003509171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003573009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006725617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998208,0.00003300592,0.000008873912,0.00001734449,0.0001027503,0.00001730727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995574,0.0002185383,0.00003749334,0.00006264233,0.0001107758,0.00001301354],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009762015,0.00006028674,0.001433222,0.0002430993,0.00003009085,0.0001360709,0.0002105268,0.8782184,0.03110814,0.009326856,0.0008033672,0.07833233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002322682,0.00001874437,0.0009548605,0.000006965771,0.000003951746,0.00004057068,0.00001871851,0.9955505,0.001752536,0.0009193748,0.0007266527,0.000004797107],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2179919,0.001045736,0.7458766,0.0001235739,0.00004850998,0.00006664749,0.0002884695,0.0005536454,0.03400498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9072282,0.0007797547,0.07255253,0.00005442639,0.0000220432,0.00005224709,0.0002941354,0.0003429099,0.01867373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004611226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0154261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01341221603522795,"score_gpt":0.2256552966935722,"score_spread":0.2122430806583442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}