{"id":"W4415223310","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2026.0429","title":"Song complexity in suboscine birds: evolutionary drivers and ecological constraints","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Imperial College London; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sexual selection; Passerine; Context (archaeology); Territoriality; Animal communication; Social complexity; Cultural transmission in animals; Limiting; Selection (genetic algorithm)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004372364,0.0002892312,0.0003324223,0.0008656803,0.0002853525,0.001015519,0.0002147145,0.0003832874,0.002131169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001623489,0.0002045974,0.0002426475,0.0006229717,0.0006970081,0.0007403871,0.0005488634,0.0003449574,0.000190602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000263786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001727421,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001954949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004652464,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999808,0.00004495588,0.00001315852,0.00008324822,0.0000288232,0.00002180837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987327,0.0004305581,0.0005660715,0.00006191427,0.00004765366,0.0001610397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001974222,0.00003198383,0.9438014,0.0001371279,0.0002496277,0.0001639676,0.0006992567,0.002614967,0.03454096,0.0009932263,0.00007118086,0.0164988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001582177,0.00002381053,0.9958864,0.000004832959,0.00001575692,0.00007740179,0.0001010728,0.002925178,0.0002121923,0.0006172674,0.0001284439,0.000006137592],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986563,0.0003188633,0.0005941903,0.0000403052,0.00000108022,0.000001359726,0.00006450981,0.000007862661,0.0003155587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999315,0.0001314582,0.0003130765,0.000008746275,0.000006925891,0.000001946901,0.00007539628,0.000007610086,0.0001398612],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002131169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007129431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07219588771363608,"score_gpt":0.3140325484655392,"score_spread":0.2418366607519032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}