{"id":"W4415244180","doi":"10.60082/2817-5069.4103","title":"The Law of Racial Profiling","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Osgoode Hall law journal","topic":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Racial profiling; Profiling (computer programming); Charter; Racism; CLARITY; Adversarial system; Harm","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007623381,0.0006092878,0.0005704304,0.00144455,0.01078125,0.009978557,0.001335596,0.008759358,0.008104421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01498691,0.0005749037,0.0007904826,0.001293802,0.03226835,0.006942089,0.007174073,0.009499294,0.002070446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005209005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006218542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01102512,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007793379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9871839,0.004942228,0.0004873528,0.001980874,0.003882834,0.001522879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946345,0.002870184,0.0005338928,0.0008798025,0.000837006,0.000244585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001658644,0.00000207833,0.00006844506,0.000007992226,0.000001178381,0.00001913248,0.0004053442,0.00003822723,0.00002658223,0.9934529,0.003355141,0.002621312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001232917,0.00001921303,0.000416286,0.0002677628,0.00001482834,0.0001889242,0.0006271342,0.0004766042,0.0002320488,0.675005,0.3227139,0.00002592729],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008889537,0.01130458,0.03014366,0.05692051,0.00197781,0.00008640697,0.0001501677,0.0001063452,0.8904209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7191142,0.01082835,0.01473244,0.06426482,0.004610127,0.0005715142,0.0001660977,0.0001746475,0.1855378],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01102512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04031676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01517220483907413,"score_gpt":0.3001060235199659,"score_spread":0.2849338186808918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}