{"id":"W4415247238","doi":"10.1037/amp0001512","title":"The gender gap in the care economy is larger in highly developed countries: Sociocultural explanations for paradoxical findings.","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Psychologist","topic":"Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Fanshawe College; University of British Columbia; York University; University of Waterloo; University of Toronto; Brock University; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Agencia Estatal de Investigación; European Regional Development Fund; Economic and Social Research Council; Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social; Universidad de Deusto; Jilin Office of Philosophy and Social Science; Masarykova Univerzita; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV; Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; National Research University Higher School of Economics; Canada Research Chairs; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sociocultural evolution; Gender gap; Variation (astronomy); Representation (politics); Developing country; Developed country; Gender role; Socioeconomic status; Survey data collection","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005612249,0.00008100368,0.0001050587,0.00004899952,0.0007336132,0.0001641755,0.0003857367,0.00004900606,0.0000119632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001192692,0.0000514481,0.00006049581,0.0003472997,0.0005381848,0.00006623742,0.0000165925,0.0001259339,0.0000055026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002133569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001805643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009970991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01482403,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990754,0.0001403895,0.0002017817,0.00019864,0.000116926,0.0002669371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992872,0.0004169384,0.00005578493,0.0001234387,0.00009926684,0.00001734798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002288375,0.00003054149,0.04854603,0.000004279747,0.00002304132,0.000001689772,0.04436967,0.00002451542,0.000004399828,0.8502311,0.05486414,0.001877739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002774179,0.00002273823,0.09587055,0.00001013077,0.000006204832,2.931645e-7,0.1984164,0.0001078386,0.000002448104,0.005297089,0.6998468,0.0001421035],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6931365,0.0006774212,0.002181687,0.1295917,0.0011186,0.00110609,0.0001064472,0.00004033073,0.1720412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876487,0.0001825123,0.0002125455,0.0106846,0.00007129528,0.000255134,0.00002062441,0.000003729111,0.0009208831],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.844934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8272156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03643874338474907,"score_gpt":0.3854920399830047,"score_spread":0.3490532965982556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}