{"id":"W4415254858","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108489","title":"From toxic to traceable: Advances in ion-selective electrode detection of heavy metals for food safety","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","topic":"Analytical chemistry methods development","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Analyte; Food safety; Metalloid; Potentiometric sensor; Potentiometric titration; Heavy metals; Food packaging; Contamination; Fouling","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003408045,0.0001255898,0.0005771834,0.0003555601,0.00005616097,0.00002068853,0.0001073011,0.00008043524,0.0000339867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001127029,0.0001165497,0.0002742559,0.001002755,0.00002140928,0.0001161586,0.00001835264,0.000167913,1.014271e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001849498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005960673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004343712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005362716,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987371,0.00005056885,0.000692711,0.000188556,0.0001899346,0.0001411119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989138,0.0003334342,0.000325419,0.00009682526,0.000248749,0.00008173037],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001060199,0.0001686256,0.0004314292,0.00008548801,0.00235102,9.542246e-7,0.0001112187,0.001102755,0.9834368,0.00008553476,0.000006050216,0.01115992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007133747,0.0002334664,0.0008490047,0.0001025762,0.001162611,0.000003246411,0.0001963132,0.00159164,0.9919177,0.002819701,0.0003027435,0.0001076475],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4915325,0.001670927,0.5060256,0.0002894632,0.00002249884,0.00004956711,0.000052269,0.000005494568,0.0003517743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984208,0.0001843312,0.01544952,0.00004731333,0.00004772828,0.000007152996,0.00001280767,0.000004953399,0.00003820211],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4926755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4752758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01019089573331793,"score_gpt":0.290031896045643,"score_spread":0.2798410003123251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}