{"id":"W4415254858","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108489","title":"From toxic to traceable: Advances in ion-selective electrode detection of heavy metals for food safety","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","topic":"Analytical chemistry methods development","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Analyte; Food safety; Metalloid; Potentiometric sensor; Potentiometric titration; Heavy metals; Food packaging; Contamination; Fouling","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008764121,0.0009518951,0.0005290567,0.0006426944,0.0002044609,0.001089995,0.001144449,0.001348633,0.001202493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006793021,0.0004069931,0.0003691706,0.0005527378,0.0005909889,0.001454463,0.0007993482,0.001420979,0.001026688],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004064818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004390694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006439445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001502875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994191,0.000073581,0.0000306604,0.0001489719,0.0002856119,0.00004215818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996239,0.0001054241,0.00004868182,0.00002912674,0.0001620363,0.00003072409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012116,0.00006727493,0.000562217,0.0008265376,0.00004016396,0.00009745124,0.00009615712,0.0002939121,0.901545,0.003086486,0.001911533,0.0913521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001385453,0.0002536202,0.0008728484,0.00005996597,0.00006196296,0.0005375235,0.00008506845,0.004304236,0.9267699,0.002071825,0.06493873,0.00003050204],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.2042084,0.375154,0.3846968,0.009549225,0.00243614,0.0001734201,0.0007072079,0.001637337,0.02143749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5548105,0.2168971,0.1920919,0.004521619,0.001534876,0.00009828572,0.0006081137,0.000242642,0.02919492],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001348633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004634976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01019089573331793,"score_gpt":0.290031896045643,"score_spread":0.2798410003123251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}