{"id":"W4415261107","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3759","title":"Transforming Ophthalmic Education With Large Language Models","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JAMA Ophthalmology","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"MEDLINE; Language model; Visual language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009126946,0.0005498313,0.0003492452,0.0006324587,0.0003440843,0.001735661,0.000854947,0.0008312735,0.00687419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008507031,0.0004474067,0.001203604,0.0004913686,0.0005755929,0.002477219,0.00197175,0.001985072,0.002181109],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009964482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001519757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01042449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01871177,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99921,0.0003323015,0.00004237992,0.0001321125,0.0002077872,0.00007547483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962869,0.00275141,0.0001084152,0.0004556001,0.0003243565,0.00007330299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000533986,0.0006423988,0.005441851,0.0002624999,0.0001545535,0.0005807125,0.000560985,0.5980512,0.005738345,0.0645792,0.02610395,0.2973504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002922326,0.0000295309,0.0001976997,0.000019217,0.00002819305,0.00003430267,0.0001036427,0.9415492,0.002114133,0.04961978,0.00626422,0.00001082272],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08785223,0.0003645479,0.8709823,0.004235425,0.0004136656,0.0001648349,0.002914708,0.01493885,0.01813341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7811418,0.0002998428,0.2073112,0.0006401098,0.00009479798,0.0001341587,0.002502633,0.0007120143,0.007163529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01042449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02299649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06599919106901161,"score_gpt":0.4205360509321157,"score_spread":0.3545368598631041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}