{"id":"W4415292330","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123357","title":"Rosy-faced lovebirds are capable of associative symbol learning and inference-based quantity discrimination","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Animal Behaviour","topic":"Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"","keywords":"Associative learning; Associative property; Inference; Discrimination learning; Range (aeronautics); Cognition; Symbol (formal); Animal learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001494508,0.0001139647,0.0001568617,0.00004107048,0.0001109761,0.0000237813,0.0001245995,0.000142511,0.00001921697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001703951,0.0001135852,0.00007251465,0.0001072363,0.0000880733,0.000007498509,0.0001230226,0.0001492722,0.000002265664],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002181704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007024243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001994194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002038702,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99929,0.00008856386,0.0001839842,0.000205546,0.0001006516,0.0001312175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994466,0.00002781829,0.0001482812,0.0001476882,0.0001924054,0.00003720997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005454859,0.00009980993,0.6510512,0.00001499442,0.00001034449,3.095222e-7,0.0000403435,0.00000145714,0.3479863,0.0002798507,0.00007577282,0.000385094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000394308,0.0003615879,0.8437317,0.00004407121,0.00006591841,2.660744e-7,0.0008363607,0.0001812653,0.1540262,0.00001071513,0.0002294433,0.00011814],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978321,0.0002313209,0.001074783,0.000165556,0.00002026104,0.0001254154,0.00002369676,0.00001559732,0.0005113049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986643,0.00004938019,0.0003311142,0.00007755303,0.000009017673,0.00001392058,0.00008600186,0.000009184888,0.0007595021],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.19396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4631869,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01968763212297657,"score_gpt":0.3308140703747824,"score_spread":0.3111264382518058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}