{"id":"W4415300066","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169670","title":"Partition–diffusion–reaction bounds for thin-film membrane formation kinetics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; KU Leuven; University of Hong Kong; University of Toronto; Massachusetts Institute of Technology","keywords":"Membrane; Nanofiltration; Aqueous solution; Diffusion; Monomer; Mass transfer; Solvent; Reaction rate","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001485378,0.0001087036,0.000110813,0.00007012063,0.00009736814,0.00006479171,0.0001728627,0.0001136938,0.0001752282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003137896,0.0001020229,0.00006744212,0.0001982027,0.00004014831,0.0002885262,0.00007983104,0.0002298965,0.00003246308],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002351475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007186415,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001255102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.503012e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992265,0.000005168964,0.0002716774,0.0001245253,0.0001704746,0.0002017151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996561,0.00006365147,0.0000714245,0.0001307928,0.00001931078,0.0000587254],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001240508,0.00003176697,0.00001696557,0.00003008178,0.000006931046,6.721053e-7,0.00003716696,0.02689428,0.9652677,0.0005015544,0.004978713,0.002221753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003944407,0.00002426439,0.0001843275,0.00003982062,0.00001669283,0.00004211545,0.00002388243,0.1720955,0.8025654,0.001747395,0.02274669,0.0001194938],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3948639,0.00007293435,0.597632,0.001534789,0.0006775166,0.0002729193,0.000004569829,0.0003384058,0.004602985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9789547,0.00004054018,0.0201871,0.0001451915,0.0000937548,0.00003481839,0.00001741198,0.0000124359,0.0005140102],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5840909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4160371,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00791046904138084,"score_gpt":0.2216534102961555,"score_spread":0.2137429412547746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}