{"id":"W4415319981","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103284","title":"Tobacco and nicotine product use patterns and trends among United States youth and young adults (2021–2024)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Preventive Medicine Reports","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Multinomial logistic regression; Nicotine; Young adult; Psychological intervention; Logistic regression; Tobacco product; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Intervention (counseling)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005289523,0.0002778799,0.0002063918,0.001163178,0.0004078574,0.0005100554,0.0003441151,0.0004145956,0.002060959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007739544,0.0002343587,0.0004806377,0.001466419,0.00007584319,0.0005651739,0.0004723479,0.0006658502,0.001038744],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006402673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007837818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05753097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09090266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997641,0.00002513923,0.000035519,0.00003323528,0.00008323765,0.0000587741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992946,0.000032073,0.0002304559,0.00002205045,0.0002783105,0.0001424469],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004603048,0.0001124131,0.9893525,0.0000740086,0.00004506511,0.00004436721,0.0001360956,0.00006442647,0.0002919046,0.00002916921,0.003333359,0.006470757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003396473,0.00004869872,0.9979333,0.00002583027,0.00001377276,0.00006206414,0.0001963997,0.0001042128,0.00009916933,0.0000102932,0.001499883,0.00000301811],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9427079,0.0009432343,0.000445781,0.0002860264,0.00007277694,0.0002314215,0.05136575,0.00006601502,0.003881037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9152857,0.001380328,0.001816002,0.0006596796,0.00006420312,0.0009231221,0.07410905,0.00002456675,0.005737437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05753097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1143922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01740855523768502,"score_gpt":0.2876555351468045,"score_spread":0.2702469799091194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}