{"id":"W4415321387","doi":"10.1515/flin-2025-0084","title":"Operationalizing grammatical metaphor","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Folia Linguistica","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"","keywords":"Metaphor; Operationalization; Noun; Encoding (memory); Process (computing); Selection (genetic algorithm); Systemic functional linguistics; Nominalization","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002466327,0.0001326357,0.0001979019,0.0001202041,0.0001400108,0.00007933941,0.000158066,0.0001075466,0.003653462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001209439,0.0001183854,0.0000969199,0.0002283528,0.00006573872,0.00001891596,0.00003697283,0.0001602144,0.001278384],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002465004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005557363,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009805182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001222992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988946,0.0001084255,0.0002887263,0.000289003,0.000150435,0.0002688318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992108,0.0002160565,0.00003657716,0.0002979919,0.0001684689,0.00007008996],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003949593,0.0001368076,0.0001635396,0.00001904772,0.000141484,0.00004530834,0.0006843818,6.851341e-7,0.0001416076,0.9823263,0.01159086,0.004710427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002099694,0.0001985074,0.007217905,0.0001318026,0.0007930151,0.00003043456,0.001882759,0.0006466289,0.001632802,0.3322827,0.6524553,0.0006284704],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01601443,0.001152803,0.03152175,0.0005681913,0.004062308,0.0002978418,0.00002793309,0.0002116234,0.9461431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741165,0.00000411755,0.003571014,0.001441381,0.0006868533,0.00008913422,0.00005864545,0.00001603898,0.02001633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.958102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02336034274970434,"score_gpt":0.3400515732847338,"score_spread":0.3166912305350295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}