{"id":"W4415329497","doi":"10.1177/00238309251362881","title":"Learning Accurate Onset Clusters: Perception Lags Behind Production","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language and Speech","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Sonority hierarchy; Perception; Consonant cluster; Contiguity; Production (economics); Cryptographic nonce; Phonotactics; Cluster (spacecraft); Set (abstract data type); Obstruent","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001915859,0.0001067134,0.0001087964,0.0001199761,0.0001253328,0.00004987843,0.00006588115,0.00009384374,0.001323494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006659253,0.00009481388,0.00002834457,0.0001301435,0.0000340351,0.00009913454,0.00003916042,0.00017234,0.000170959],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001844707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001507662,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003065639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002241621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992566,0.00007531079,0.0001287959,0.0002728255,0.00007612523,0.0001903197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997355,0.00002605994,0.00003691679,0.0001494935,0.00002220962,0.00002981612],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002262657,0.000144127,0.05101293,0.00007913902,0.0001315088,0.0001765155,0.1832397,0.000006370653,0.004662562,0.0002219033,0.03044863,0.7296504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003485564,0.0002567517,0.4431911,0.0001884351,0.0001808103,0.0001965446,0.5041375,0.0001628193,0.002455952,0.0006068615,0.04414357,0.0009941156],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9626353,0.0005777287,0.000123866,0.0007662029,0.000510089,0.0001658228,0.000001766382,0.0001074313,0.03511181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9100922,0.0000347174,0.0003118161,0.000524649,0.000101734,0.00001537093,0.00006980261,0.000009197997,0.08884054],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7286562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009524043778493198,"score_gpt":0.3023973635929381,"score_spread":0.2928733198144449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}