{"id":"W4415356037","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108523","title":"Mapping adolescent problematic social media use patterns across 41 countries/regions: A multilevel latent class analysis with social determinants","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Addictive Behaviors","topic":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Latent class model; Intervention (counseling); Social media; Multilevel model; Class (philosophy); Adolescent development; Social class; Social determinants of health","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004831281,0.0005875377,0.000768814,0.003486203,0.001545057,0.002448758,0.001042441,0.0005963859,0.003688974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007585956,0.000446642,0.003460913,0.003359386,0.0008568942,0.001121147,0.003288366,0.001386484,0.0004118514],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001548314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001777001,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04034748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03095082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974366,0.001343913,0.0001618871,0.0004812503,0.0002195077,0.0003569475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960583,0.001526559,0.001026222,0.0006076061,0.0004533642,0.0003278966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001299315,0.0001156775,0.9880581,0.00005001697,0.0003903911,0.00005276702,0.001599037,0.00116748,0.0001943475,0.000546438,0.0005256364,0.007170131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003575168,0.0001968704,0.9641951,0.0001378517,0.0004887227,0.0000924682,0.007117665,0.02462668,0.0002891273,0.001330536,0.001444051,0.00004527804],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922928,0.0001496579,0.004978234,0.000226482,0.00001014974,0.000138228,0.001612677,0.00003376002,0.0005580297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993706,0.00007532519,0.004315725,0.00001851159,0.000006263576,0.0002360435,0.001429472,0.00001465677,0.000198062],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04034748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08022529,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04619923287089334,"score_gpt":0.3488289970195007,"score_spread":0.3026297641486073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}