{"id":"W4415386761","doi":"10.5194/acp-25-13053-2025","title":"The role of the tropical carbon balance in determining the large atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub>  growth rate in 2023","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Centre for Earth Observation; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; UK Space Agency; Harvard University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Boreal; Biosphere; Carbon cycle; Atmosphere (unit); Primary production; Flux (metallurgy); Biosphere model; Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere; Satellite","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004449448,0.0003423915,0.0001296556,0.0005553857,0.0003944916,0.0009470865,0.00023085,0.0003024729,0.001569461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008653401,0.0001418097,0.0003463535,0.0007494811,0.0003121694,0.0006338665,0.0003469602,0.0003705899,0.0003547839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008602536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006535305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0543776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05402574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999359,0.00001078,0.000005247884,0.00001732475,0.000011795,0.00001897862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995691,0.00008063304,0.0001398666,0.00002343387,0.0001043542,0.00008254685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001809021,0.00002717786,0.9603757,0.0001288842,0.0001540415,0.0003087246,0.0001978622,0.006882739,0.01206747,0.001946964,0.001771572,0.01595798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000544463,0.00001512505,0.9818687,0.00002594913,0.00004196323,0.000114327,0.0002301064,0.01128487,0.00228652,0.0009356277,0.003176914,0.00001440732],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9826606,0.00202089,0.00186654,0.001073577,0.00005900482,0.00001517418,0.004674396,0.0000738283,0.007555956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998321,0.0002408163,0.0003122216,0.00007221257,0.00001339514,0.000005519203,0.0008447615,0.00002070425,0.0001692744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0543776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1081222,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00178897760058817,"score_gpt":0.1751680894829406,"score_spread":0.1733791118823524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}