{"id":"W4415388274","doi":"10.1177/00169862251370673","title":"What Really Happens in Gifted and Talented Education? A Portrait of Three States","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Gifted Child Quarterly","topic":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","field":"Psychology","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Gifted education; Comparability; Identification (biology); Curriculum; Portrait; Service (business); Cluster grouping","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031654,0.000260461,0.0003719832,0.0005766862,0.0001007613,0.00008268605,0.0002602983,0.000165258,0.0003891865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002058466,0.0002690108,0.00007074048,0.0007534786,0.0001957072,0.0003274465,0.00001794814,0.000260195,0.00002006318],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004122779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002527071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001103878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003630527,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980528,0.0001491202,0.00070753,0.0005368107,0.0001691847,0.0003845326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987463,0.0001224601,0.0002504295,0.0006073167,0.0001712384,0.0001022913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004344939,0.004645426,0.7308728,0.0003732258,0.0005243778,0.00001321945,0.04565603,0.000002790128,0.0003088292,0.07186176,0.03366234,0.1116448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001532847,0.0003671176,0.9483611,0.0005733376,0.00006496819,0.00001096111,0.02907296,0.00001580697,0.00004015599,0.01574847,0.003954003,0.0002582962],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9741229,0.002760181,0.0001294546,0.005641231,0.001892882,0.0007053955,0.00005132658,0.00007154261,0.01462503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947041,0.0001633475,0.0001468598,0.001328103,0.00008438206,0.0001421474,0.000392727,0.00002678615,0.003011492],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2174883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007938696650589694,"score_gpt":0.3047870768902602,"score_spread":0.2968483802396705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}