{"id":"W4415388746","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70417","title":"Frequency‐dependent herbicide effects on rangeland plants and soils exceed those of the invader","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecosphere","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"Rangeland; Forb; Biomass (ecology); Soil water; Plant community; Invasive species; Leafy; Native plant","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001102266,0.00007698625,0.0001099661,0.000005962175,0.0001352299,0.000005668319,0.0001107109,0.00005565752,0.0003393657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000474575,0.00005141835,0.00002443148,0.00006164109,0.00010802,0.00003875279,0.0001139752,0.00009461505,0.00008999469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000334242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000653698,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001170673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004018043,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999504,0.00005777665,0.0001018827,0.0001461336,0.0000800689,0.0001101328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996143,0.000187026,0.00004820696,0.0001296695,0.000003031157,0.00001777515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003348686,0.00008838248,0.9723163,0.00008008612,0.00008400385,0.000007522495,0.0009705606,0.0006710608,0.004312266,0.001269809,0.01409858,0.006068002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004432613,0.00003282254,0.9882312,0.00006488214,0.0000113302,0.000001121851,0.0001066369,0.0001833756,0.003794008,0.006956858,0.0001145157,0.00006000653],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9034054,0.0003290665,0.00001912023,0.0004856915,0.0001809069,0.0001736095,0.000003012139,0.000008547741,0.0953946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954343,0.0000675075,0.00007831812,0.0005348551,0.00000696862,0.00001606011,5.954641e-7,0.000003261854,0.003858098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09202889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3715816,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005273172932936505,"score_gpt":0.2184880285931267,"score_spread":0.2132148556601902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}