{"id":"W4415400522","doi":"10.1063/5.0293402","title":"Numerical study on the contribution of local flow to aerodynamic drag for high-speed trains","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Turbulence; Drag; Aerodynamics; Aerodynamic drag; Wake; Dissipation; Flow (mathematics); Detached eddy simulation; Wave drag","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002576345,0.0004317455,0.0003694686,0.0004630507,0.0005675669,0.0006256013,0.0003848994,0.0005779061,0.001051987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009475238,0.0001460631,0.0003759574,0.0003496789,0.0006457031,0.0003996384,0.0004045634,0.0003603357,0.0001054943],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000429846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00057526,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01086461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005751304,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999083,0.00001889337,0.000004442957,0.00001522107,0.00002545967,0.00002761207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997154,0.0001362935,0.00004033525,0.00002147235,0.00004900177,0.00003757687],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006867711,0.00005528079,0.005382879,0.00003262547,0.00001464939,0.0001274907,0.00005165859,0.9843137,0.004780439,0.001291977,0.0001611484,0.003719534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005275297,0.00001585152,0.0008864172,0.000001979795,0.000002172902,0.000009571808,0.00002106482,0.9983647,0.0005000972,0.0001114149,0.00007830187,0.000003127454],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9577075,0.0001689542,0.03570927,0.000127357,0.00003646832,0.0000248861,0.00009626906,0.0001354097,0.005993897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970449,0.00003608843,0.002279679,0.000007619979,0.000004733266,0.000006274309,0.00003843326,0.000009087113,0.0005732613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01086461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02160275,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01219073694363452,"score_gpt":0.2724394995237844,"score_spread":0.2602487625801498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}