{"id":"W4415437530","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09617-4","title":"A circular economy approach for the global lithium-ion battery supply chain","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Supply chain; Circular economy; Upstream (networking); Blueprint; Sustainability; Computable general equilibrium; Production (economics); Work (physics); Downstream (manufacturing); Greenhouse gas","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008472055,0.000075605,0.00006949233,0.0000263139,0.00007311891,0.00005718612,0.000108909,0.0003704815,0.00002473651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002544191,0.00005827092,0.00004873009,0.0001512913,0.000009703154,0.0000919111,0.000007215781,0.0004493044,0.000005877747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005005919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002469075,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001081278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002267511,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996595,0.000006416431,0.00008762233,0.000105907,0.00004224949,0.00009828342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997603,0.00004959628,0.00001190252,0.000119619,0.00004097227,0.00001761743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005422192,0.00008852607,0.002389254,0.001465085,0.0003597467,0.000001881895,0.0003371017,0.08534794,0.001637907,0.1193208,0.7777528,0.01124469],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002160161,0.000004084958,0.000953452,0.000008233264,0.00001722001,0.000004060928,0.0001049623,0.07675481,0.001735986,0.001924881,0.9181935,0.00008281046],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003149867,0.01804435,0.6650138,0.008480823,0.002070687,0.000932309,0.00007051515,0.0005672165,0.3016704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938633,0.00005198611,0.0007549638,0.002863391,0.0001753409,0.0001119237,0.00004727338,0.000008075524,0.002123744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9907134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2857493,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006797305364328031,"score_gpt":0.2454894899282831,"score_spread":0.238692184563955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}