{"id":"W4415465026","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00881-x","title":"Balancing innovation and safety in FLASH radiotherapy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Reviews Physics","topic":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Flash (photography); Radiation therapy; Quality assurance; Safety assurance; Cancer treatment; External beam radiotherapy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01396019,0.0003314536,0.0005770403,0.001160745,0.00151923,0.004724587,0.001469507,0.005395348,0.009357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02812878,0.0002137226,0.0004539278,0.0007335421,0.009152029,0.008296524,0.003934781,0.003919374,0.001325455],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003677302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003963187,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001064404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001647437,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946133,0.002032332,0.0001688796,0.0004564636,0.002043695,0.0006852582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9692838,0.02294368,0.001815966,0.001134782,0.003058544,0.001763282],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002811631,0.0001174548,0.004874081,0.0009320755,0.000113612,0.0002641912,0.001095345,0.006535494,0.001842936,0.6867719,0.03154601,0.2656257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005418895,0.0001952392,0.002127568,0.0004240371,0.00002587217,0.000306397,0.0009297474,0.00191285,0.00118689,0.9144165,0.07838542,0.0000353188],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.07541075,0.1768422,0.1009357,0.4563822,0.007362871,0.0001187236,0.0001875406,0.0004542067,0.1823058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9080179,0.03429185,0.009915113,0.02598579,0.00773688,0.0001033557,0.0000727583,0.000189919,0.01368641],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01396019,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07382947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00674734111986271,"score_gpt":0.3160380448139246,"score_spread":0.3092907036940619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}