{"id":"W4415487310","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/6pmka_v1","title":"Bilingual Spanish-English speakers’ performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in English: implications for test bias and score adjustments","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Educational and Psychological Assessments","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Normative; Cognition; Test (biology); Boston Naming Test; Population; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Language proficiency; Cognitive skill","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03780062,0.0004259928,0.0004358829,0.001308055,0.0006716211,0.001179552,0.001172332,0.0005160588,0.001293871],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1396746,0.0002302908,0.000691912,0.0008943872,0.001269735,0.001128258,0.00106128,0.000594491,0.0002516058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000751132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009950788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008383041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00855935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.975721,0.01409998,0.002351949,0.002701249,0.004393898,0.0007318869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8957304,0.07735328,0.01337755,0.005592148,0.006686826,0.001259803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004914227,0.00004019067,0.9770671,0.00005531109,0.0001509491,0.0001251973,0.001419251,0.0001735086,0.0002711495,0.0002906165,0.0006015018,0.01931386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002953474,0.0002456462,0.9938201,0.0000897202,0.00009298283,0.0004532821,0.001156718,0.001824309,0.0006242516,0.0009654487,0.0006775664,0.00002046052],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991059,0.001174259,0.003419838,0.001159894,0.0001160926,0.0001131746,0.00023683,0.00004776012,0.002673125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983178,0.00007755282,0.001077717,0.0001443742,0.00002635282,0.00004349024,0.0001353278,0.0000187691,0.0001586141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03780062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1999112,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09516663597653185,"score_gpt":0.3995170767735249,"score_spread":0.304350440796993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}