{"id":"W4415500017","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c08640","title":"From CO <sub>2</sub> Solubility to the Carbon Capture Process: Thermodynamic Modeling, Electrolyte Speciation, Phase Behavior, Solidification, and Regeneration Energy in the CO <sub>2</sub> –NH <sub>3</sub> –H <sub>2</sub> O System","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carbon Engineering (Canada)","funders":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","keywords":"Reboiler; Electrolyte; Latent heat; Solubility; Aqueous solution; Energy balance; Phase (matter); Ammonia","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001103719,0.0002951141,0.0002111194,0.0001287983,0.0001732342,0.0002632203,0.0003693721,0.0003821427,0.001452099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002206409,0.0001754659,0.0002399477,0.0001510549,0.000271683,0.0003720509,0.0001717202,0.0002402575,0.0002143318],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005505077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004394079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00607059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006870793,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999691,0.000004246418,0.000001449928,0.000007101191,0.00001227938,0.000005759051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999503,0.00002496047,0.000006339709,0.000003524799,0.00001129679,0.000003600213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002483066,0.00008899909,0.004845812,0.0002057472,0.00002723046,0.0002803979,0.00009483287,0.5314947,0.4526451,0.002565184,0.0002828205,0.007220834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008801311,0.00004150202,0.001917118,0.000003577904,0.000006913375,0.00002597563,0.00003476434,0.9097344,0.08737079,0.0004051222,0.0004445196,0.000006549349],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9499156,0.0002611562,0.04299525,0.000184039,0.000009946084,0.00004852855,0.000375277,0.0002481721,0.005961956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932657,0.0002174048,0.004674009,0.00001555886,0.000002526622,0.00002964906,0.0001392398,0.00002695688,0.001628929],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00607059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01207048,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004816940177793017,"score_gpt":0.2125738326229918,"score_spread":0.2077568924451987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}