{"id":"W4415520699","doi":"10.1016/j.cpet.2025.08.004","title":"Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification (VVUQ) of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Theranostic Digital Twins","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"PET Clinics","topic":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"","keywords":"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling; Credibility; Uncertainty quantification; Reliability (semiconductor); Pharmacokinetics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006423304,0.000264018,0.0008354611,0.0001685486,0.00004524144,0.00006231765,0.0004172758,0.0002014072,0.00002553718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002222954,0.0002223969,0.0002373684,0.0003756499,0.0001427786,0.00006804211,0.00005298782,0.0002902526,0.000009159806],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005376644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002643692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001082874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.967265e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980981,0.00009596151,0.0009418865,0.0003863063,0.0002470723,0.0002306831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947458,0.004241112,0.0002099947,0.0004435612,0.000277327,0.00008220974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001210497,0.00007788555,0.000001970457,0.03201041,0.0001212442,3.331773e-7,0.00001293243,0.01316047,0.00002556991,0.0004326706,0.0005051588,0.9536393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004765387,0.00008023388,0.00001393434,0.004978283,0.0004126664,0.000001070689,0.000004519679,0.4987378,0.00002738874,0.002647811,0.4922333,0.0003864162],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000131836,0.8400811,0.1557843,0.00004770367,0.0004248936,0.001989958,0.0009131014,0.0002175615,0.0004095488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00621681,0.9902789,0.00166795,0.00001548545,0.00008023358,0.0002960729,0.001296871,0.00004383658,0.0001038293],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9532529,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9069083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09863563311432189,"score_gpt":0.4018698824489705,"score_spread":0.3032342493346486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}