{"id":"W4415550922","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2025.2576503","title":"Language and Bias in Clinical Documentation: A Scoping Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","topic":"Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health","funders":"","keywords":"Identification (biology); Perspective (graphical); Data collection; Quality (philosophy)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.09084495,0.001921448,0.007035091,0.02879223,0.002524957,0.009265793,0.002717091,0.004224194,0.003437449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3092736,0.002044493,0.006722993,0.02770183,0.004093946,0.009088344,0.006184787,0.002912626,0.0006005911],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00799697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03756993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006749319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0130216,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8858794,0.05821017,0.03449403,0.003531466,0.01664697,0.001237991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6003241,0.3390291,0.03162362,0.004849863,0.02326375,0.0009095692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"reporting","domain_candidate":"reporting","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001239192,0.00003399533,0.001487044,0.731558,0.002658437,0.0002329373,0.003245918,0.0001821986,0.0001953541,0.003263376,0.005296998,0.2517219],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002750352,0.00004422467,0.0008781741,0.9706146,0.003380683,0.0002929467,0.00109032,0.00006002521,0.00009855467,0.001255579,0.02222941,0.00002810453],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005660818,0.9961427,0.0006937764,0.00126137,0.0003121211,0.0003894333,0.00007996798,0.000008752217,0.0005459189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009459933,0.9852136,0.002484098,0.001025694,0.0002069156,0.001323216,0.0001390464,0.00001211828,0.0001353762],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9091551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4804398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6142698306122333,"score_gpt":0.7517687431937221,"score_spread":0.1374989125814888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}