{"id":"W4415564268","doi":"10.1186/s40517-025-00363-4","title":"Groundwater-induced advective heat transfer in U-shaped closed-loop geothermal system: application for a Red Sea rift sedimentary basin","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Energy; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Aquifer; Groundwater flow; Sedimentary basin; Geothermal heating; Sedimentary rock; Geothermal energy; Groundwater; Structural basin","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004301175,0.0006237902,0.0007843979,0.0004467214,0.0003360409,0.00007368025,0.000580293,0.0004601504,0.0001787579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001097273,0.0006169062,0.0003507455,0.0008203508,0.00009051043,0.0002729744,0.0000708864,0.0002391314,0.00004185821],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004716961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001841245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2263133,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0129172,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963059,0.0002873656,0.00101823,0.001083927,0.000336148,0.0009684011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985144,0.0001725558,0.00008620563,0.0008780287,0.0001673062,0.0001814617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001549588,0.001230531,0.001999415,0.0006095913,0.0007101105,0.00002483513,0.0006618698,0.1179354,0.2816286,0.5678366,0.0003305766,0.02548293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01656281,0.0007573855,0.02753222,0.0008870033,0.0004414245,0.0000622439,0.00192318,0.4278577,0.1212753,0.001911441,0.3978877,0.002901593],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9299998,0.0003066025,0.03170913,0.001895344,0.0006289749,0.001870537,0.0001272186,0.0006837628,0.03277868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988814,0.00001285406,0.0001551272,0.001664903,0.0003995627,0.004715153,0.0002976131,0.0001547468,0.003786048],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5659252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996282,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0097561433008423,"score_gpt":0.228163970817627,"score_spread":0.2184078275167847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}