{"id":"W4415597893","doi":"10.1115/detc2025-166080","title":"Lowering Barriers to CAD Adoption: A Comparative Study of Augmented Reality-Based CAD (AR-CAD) and a Traditional CAD Tool","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Augmented Reality Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"CAD; Usability; Task (project management); Cognitive load; Bridging (networking); Augmented reality; Computer Aided Design; Interface (matter)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001003961,0.0006242658,0.000946647,0.0006312551,0.0009834437,0.0003158356,0.001186959,0.0002216711,0.0003584491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001169881,0.0006749195,0.0001792644,0.002865676,0.0004792371,0.0005487339,0.0005810826,0.0005659361,0.00002441512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000548685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001467324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00236521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001551201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9945289,0.00047721,0.001596193,0.00161252,0.001099864,0.0006852453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962789,0.0005097018,0.0004125479,0.001454662,0.0006175049,0.0007267308],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002046738,0.01773532,0.009536658,0.001303614,0.003495159,0.000111429,0.093329,0.1942318,0.007020616,0.6087219,0.03363563,0.02883215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01235443,0.003641726,0.1382852,0.0009953064,0.0007730203,0.0000336866,0.02796244,0.7985904,0.005388107,0.002800392,0.007029243,0.002146078],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3392462,0.0001205207,0.6464227,0.005459992,0.000343789,0.003610115,0.0003928417,0.0001533016,0.004250574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934001,0.00001385011,0.003692196,0.001352662,0.00006020882,0.0007189672,0.00005152339,0.00001800351,0.000692483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6541539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06198844589287981,"score_gpt":0.3225327893317803,"score_spread":0.2605443434389004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}