{"id":"W4415602041","doi":"10.18823/asiatefl.2025.22.3.7.618","title":"Promoting EFL Students’ Agency for Learning (AfL) Through Differentiated Instruction : Experiences, Challenges, and Strategies","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of AsiaTEFL","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan; Simon Fraser University; Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi; University of Oregon","keywords":"Agency (philosophy); Differentiated instruction; Action (physics); Context (archaeology); Set (abstract data type)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003328473,0.0003721433,0.0005914791,0.0001997563,0.002355575,0.0009275143,0.0005596548,0.00013834,0.0001503265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002325407,0.0002539239,0.0001987889,0.00008630341,0.0003730476,0.0009489815,0.0001633309,0.001394536,0.000002041332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007819664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001663456,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007690319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045705,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963661,0.001395522,0.001041204,0.0002567889,0.0004768571,0.0004634649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977831,0.0004079113,0.001232282,0.0001868249,0.0003186244,0.00007125106],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001956901,0.0001906069,0.0003238498,0.00047177,0.0005296886,0.000005254976,0.8681997,0.00008135768,0.000262097,0.01508779,0.00004962742,0.1146025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002564731,0.001838372,0.008589781,0.002405719,0.0006970896,0.0000827882,0.9530782,0.0006403762,0.0002253115,0.0126621,0.01683158,0.0003839251],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9583081,0.03259958,0.0009678368,0.001145478,0.001721197,0.0003614072,0.000001771333,0.00004068296,0.00485392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845785,0.01236009,0.00009861975,0.00002771795,0.0008144497,0.00001252281,0.000002271625,0.000033835,0.00207198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1142186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04883346423593486,"score_gpt":0.3131714581100439,"score_spread":0.264337993874109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}