{"id":"W4415604638","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2025.1646181","title":"Soil surface properties and implications for soil carbon sequestration in early-stage ecovoltaic grassland restoration","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of the President, University of California; Hatch; University of California, Davis; Electric Power Research Institute","keywords":"Soil water; Grassland; Ecosystem; Soil carbon; Vegetation (pathology); Water content; Soil fertility; Carbon sequestration; Ecosystem services","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008860281,0.000143202,0.0001638684,0.0001058037,0.0002342283,0.00006748472,0.0002406999,0.00007416314,0.000004693135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006479306,0.000136932,0.00002228187,0.0004594361,0.0009253378,0.0005560883,0.000150779,0.0001020168,0.00000120869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001586191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006845088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00702572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003302981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984863,0.00005928796,0.0003015721,0.0005766894,0.0002089192,0.0003672739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995562,0.00002137811,0.00007160088,0.0002748448,0.000003854025,0.00007206749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002225032,0.00005892992,0.9123539,0.00001607658,0.000001163394,5.292512e-7,0.0004831817,0.004496737,0.08114214,0.00002547603,0.0000897364,0.001309898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000371791,0.00004863374,0.9683477,0.00001819944,0.000003470431,6.311719e-7,0.0009151805,0.02057538,0.006888567,0.001963106,0.000712998,0.0001543312],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963445,0.0001471855,0.001025662,0.0002275119,0.0001835416,0.0009205661,0.00001207745,0.0000154499,0.001123472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982002,0.00008129507,0.0007695557,0.00003509537,0.000006866868,0.0001402745,0.000004826026,0.000006419303,0.0007554067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07425357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01052375723024623,"score_gpt":0.2223081369547567,"score_spread":0.2117843797245104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}