{"id":"W4415618433","doi":"10.1002/oik.11628","title":"Predators and scavengers: Polar bears as marine carrion providers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oikos","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Alberta; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Carrion; Ursus maritimus; Predation; Foraging; Arctic; Apex predator; Biomass (ecology); Scavenging","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001174767,0.0001057692,0.0001161029,0.00002115127,0.0001180516,0.00003109035,0.0001220829,0.00003795786,0.002086635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006797681,0.0000975938,0.00002969525,0.0001747306,0.0001112483,0.0001370808,0.0008080248,0.00007979266,0.0002289817],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001072818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009214013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01212984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002638541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992576,0.00002589641,0.0001115172,0.0002639271,0.0001530689,0.0001880071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997156,0.00002304727,0.0000297728,0.0001686068,0.000004073755,0.00005894545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002419203,0.00003868843,0.8164309,0.0000609176,0.00003536583,0.000009983035,0.000186543,0.000006759105,0.0005547511,0.0005413257,0.01308111,0.1690294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002857271,0.00007169011,0.7088454,0.00002602368,0.00003225868,0.000003868231,0.0001758111,0.00008133237,0.0004643286,0.0009572423,0.2888965,0.0001598508],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.801246,0.0002385678,0.000006182974,0.0009371893,0.00006638951,0.0002523543,0.000002655064,0.00003856596,0.1972121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935672,0.0002839067,0.000354834,0.0008390598,0.00001645019,0.00002266468,0.000003206986,0.000008995346,0.004903667],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2758154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00717700959932222,"score_gpt":0.2273458085348669,"score_spread":0.2201687989355446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}