{"id":"W4415618433","doi":"10.1002/oik.11628","title":"Predators and scavengers: Polar bears as marine carrion providers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oikos","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Alberta; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Carrion; Ursus maritimus; Predation; Foraging; Arctic; Apex predator; Biomass (ecology); Scavenging","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005306858,0.0003216864,0.0002671798,0.0006619091,0.0007636135,0.001123377,0.0002755104,0.0005210827,0.003301197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009284362,0.0001834976,0.0002510704,0.0005032602,0.0004898349,0.001286074,0.0009095953,0.0003693378,0.000363918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002174843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002574462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005446151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01045254,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998032,0.0000651735,0.00001291582,0.00004014996,0.00003948003,0.00003907891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995356,0.0001376627,0.000190512,0.00001762122,0.00004453803,0.00007408758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004686547,0.00008312504,0.7625663,0.001770207,0.0002788473,0.002085982,0.01010298,0.0003428527,0.006030788,0.005734528,0.007981601,0.202554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001320237,0.0002556557,0.8987835,0.001838409,0.0003333675,0.003157258,0.00928076,0.0005035444,0.0007697697,0.00233353,0.08268484,0.00004609989],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8283207,0.1387817,0.002070515,0.004064529,0.0003469473,0.00004623322,0.0007104542,0.00002973392,0.02562912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9055815,0.08572732,0.001487772,0.0009137869,0.0006652261,0.00002706976,0.0006925574,0.000007226754,0.00489759],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005446151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01104361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00717700959932222,"score_gpt":0.2273458085348669,"score_spread":0.2201687989355446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}