{"id":"W4415621634","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-11677-w","title":"A scalable and chemical-free strategy for antifouling ultrafiltration PVDF membranes via hydrophilic macromolecular surface modification","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Research Management Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia; Ministry of Higher Education","keywords":"Biofouling; Fouling; Ultrafiltration (renal); Membrane; Phase inversion; Surface modification; Membrane fouling; Filtration (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002249316,0.0005527202,0.0002858189,0.0002224454,0.0001536876,0.0002608233,0.0003079277,0.0005601856,0.0003134819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002196621,0.0001516353,0.0004704433,0.0001853505,0.0001896481,0.0004899867,0.0003257465,0.0007051932,0.0002134613],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003319109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002179194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004523482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006274841,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998216,0.00002728195,0.00001398806,0.0000372039,0.00007010245,0.00002993266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998817,0.00001695992,0.00004744496,0.00001076015,0.00002856492,0.00001444127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006899044,0.00000947558,0.00003385578,0.00004997661,0.00000393065,0.00002086083,0.000006239095,0.00008024074,0.9980374,0.0000492664,0.00001605046,0.001685803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003678545,0.00008906741,0.0003201973,0.000003152649,0.00000818755,0.00008214349,0.00000694859,0.0006004873,0.9972225,0.00002873866,0.001629389,0.000005545428],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.8832815,0.00738725,0.1059414,0.0004339312,0.0001175062,0.0001712437,0.0002824479,0.0003158677,0.002068824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9414423,0.00373706,0.05248131,0.0001470075,0.00003074338,0.0001197853,0.0002223391,0.00004609265,0.001773342],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005601856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002408147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01733257302548903,"score_gpt":0.2734684151349306,"score_spread":0.2561358421094416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}