{"id":"W4415622157","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2025.2576692","title":"The Boston naming test is a valid psychometric marker of English proficiency in bilingual Cubans","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Neuropsychology Child","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Test (biology); Neuroscience of multilingualism; Variance (accounting); Language proficiency; Boston Naming Test; Psychometrics; Index (typography); Validation test; Language assessment","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006060732,0.0003143342,0.0003880657,0.0007192823,0.0003401439,0.00003568252,0.001040117,0.0002129989,0.00003496039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003496325,0.0002350895,0.000123096,0.003008491,0.000756338,0.00005334101,0.0001909185,0.0008569277,0.00002181259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001923164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007042812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007701918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001078318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970487,0.0002295145,0.0007195563,0.001115205,0.0002236235,0.0006634399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966913,0.001995812,0.0002501922,0.0009250154,0.0000806505,0.00005698478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006388066,0.002156614,0.04359617,0.00009271829,0.00002836628,0.0003677226,0.006013739,0.00001266285,0.9080127,0.00947129,0.003507521,0.02610164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007484056,0.001192318,0.1593404,0.0001859146,0.0001091314,0.0005220369,0.001319957,0.00008143835,0.7407492,0.004530731,0.08308674,0.001398058],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9005755,0.0002347544,0.00001115576,0.001659238,0.001657215,0.0006813006,0.00001828866,0.0001109184,0.09505165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887959,0.0002287291,0.00002989778,0.01012232,0.0001324111,0.00004649208,0.000002175026,0.00003130729,0.0006107112],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1672635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.958667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01422049893963842,"score_gpt":0.2948550332534018,"score_spread":0.2806345343137635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}