{"id":"W4415622187","doi":"10.1007/s00348-025-04134-6","title":"The role of injection rate in enhancing $${\\textrm{CO}}_2$$ capillary trapping in saline aquifer systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","keywords":"Micromodel; Capillary action; Saturation (graph theory); Porous medium; Aquifer; Trapping; Supercritical fluid; Capillary pressure; Carbon sequestration","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001905268,0.0001778324,0.0001813268,0.0001702674,0.0001781072,0.0003602691,0.0003080178,0.0002018317,0.0005451051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003800307,0.0001346825,0.000130172,0.0001217205,0.0003530759,0.0003464309,0.0002608554,0.0001927721,0.00005653405],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003623487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003318033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003826879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0089028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999266,0.00001049929,0.000005926348,0.00001837827,0.00001474017,0.00002384165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999786,0.0000983096,0.00004745281,0.00001407033,0.00003229015,0.00002198224],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001765379,0.00006031271,0.009685753,0.0001026898,0.00001200551,0.0001350935,0.000108469,0.0166568,0.9662398,0.000403568,0.00004721888,0.006371756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001814359,0.0004754922,0.01670062,0.00001121155,0.00002768462,0.00006528576,0.0001931144,0.09013588,0.8916413,0.0001329493,0.0005682925,0.00003004283],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984246,0.00006263617,0.001172743,0.00001635621,0.000002144018,0.000007073475,0.00002746125,0.00001902999,0.0002679238],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991331,0.00004989591,0.0007126371,0.000003175907,5.824239e-7,0.000005312093,0.00001180674,0.000001829682,0.00008170541],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003826879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007609248,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008351190879796647,"score_gpt":0.2908698691799623,"score_spread":0.2825186783001657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}