{"id":"W4415658660","doi":"10.63056/acad.004.04.0984","title":"Perceptions of ESL Students About Online Collaborative Learning During Covid-19 In Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"ACADEMIA International Journal for Social Sciences","topic":"E-Learning and COVID-19","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Education and Early Childhood Development","funders":"","keywords":"Collaborative learning; Perception; The Internet; Population; Dilemma; Online learning; Discussion board; Descriptive statistics; Confusion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001604828,0.0002462798,0.0003390083,0.0006654673,0.002948737,0.002934734,0.0004190678,0.0009358074,0.003867781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003893765,0.0002272756,0.0002276173,0.0004779917,0.001791645,0.001373517,0.001821615,0.001491202,0.0004192289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009797955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001938806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006597843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009307493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986836,0.0003085564,0.00008020553,0.00009899717,0.0003604256,0.0004681702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960737,0.0006161422,0.0008859173,0.00005849714,0.0005229809,0.001842806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001468139,0.001448612,0.540071,0.0003122593,0.00002236887,0.00365091,0.4207732,0.0001816755,0.003734887,0.0008368008,0.001900637,0.02692083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008056459,0.0005864453,0.1804682,0.0001133572,0.000009097319,0.0005850105,0.812588,0.0001947071,0.0004197672,0.0001693653,0.004825145,0.00003283145],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987693,0.00006224387,0.00003610502,0.0003015472,0.000007212029,0.00001269499,0.00001057097,0.000001317492,0.0007988869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988926,0.0001826782,0.00004873917,0.0001567693,0.000005433844,0.00001155574,0.00001235751,0.000001167106,0.0006887108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006597843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01311886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04092038001458118,"score_gpt":0.4988448365959943,"score_spread":0.4579244565814131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}