{"id":"W4415666323","doi":"10.1001/jama.2025.20516","title":"Development and Validation of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-2 Score","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JAMA","topic":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Impact; Occupational Cancer Research Centre; University of Toronto; McMaster University; St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton","funders":"Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Macau; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics; Fundació Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron; Medizinische Universität Graz; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Itä-Suomen Yliopisto; Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Université de Montpellier; Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum; Medizinische Universität Wien; Jikei University School of Medicine; Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein; University of Galway; Tartu Ülikool; University College London; Université de Lausanne; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Universiteit Gent; Homi Bhabha National Institute; University of Bern; Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala; University of Alberta; University of Toronto; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Erasmus Medisch Centrum; Monash University; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; King's College London; School of Medicine, Emory University; Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent; Peking Union Medical College; Emory University; Universität Wien; Universidade da Beira Interior; Weill Cornell Medical College; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS; McMaster University; Università degli Studi di Palermo; Kaiser Permanente; Helsingin Yliopisto; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Science Foundation Ireland; University of Pretoria; St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; University of Miami; Universidade do Porto","keywords":"Organ dysfunction; Critically ill; Organ system; Population; MEDLINE; Risk assessment","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"bench_or_experimental","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.08053084,0.0007716307,0.0004809732,0.002657712,0.0005094655,0.001284929,0.001248194,0.0005817708,0.0007704103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.100688,0.0003413303,0.00114916,0.001477861,0.0009712457,0.0008958802,0.002796458,0.0008784885,0.0002846995],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001418834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004577164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003159645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002356837,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9550619,0.03062955,0.004084692,0.002149218,0.007220234,0.0008544637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9555215,0.01749081,0.004204777,0.004110206,0.01770671,0.000965987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001304754,0.001029207,0.7921484,0.0005293213,0.0004927427,0.0002599792,0.007968726,0.007646647,0.004608854,0.001815564,0.002623094,0.1795727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006142351,0.004850791,0.9264416,0.0009682582,0.0003035212,0.0004560755,0.003697193,0.04317303,0.007597892,0.001982836,0.009810241,0.0001044108],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.9602607,0.0001829833,0.02721037,0.0002322773,0.00005764236,0.007717812,0.001163936,0.00004953067,0.003124735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9119967,0.0001581847,0.0747764,0.0001524216,0.00003142837,0.009533932,0.002899955,0.00002706382,0.0004239902],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08053084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4258929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05248106105983918,"score_gpt":0.3397999851594158,"score_spread":0.2873189240995767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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