{"id":"W4415667311","doi":"10.1162/99608f92.28e9f828","title":"An Undergraduate Course in Causality","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harvard Data Science Review","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Set (abstract data type); Causality (physics); Quarter (Canadian coin); Graduate students; Advice (programming)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003919149,0.001326806,0.001269529,0.001831531,0.001245423,0.002447594,0.001058761,0.001496998,0.2749538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0104052,0.0004923027,0.001034762,0.001616483,0.0006963753,0.00318503,0.002829715,0.002655365,0.07717764],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002494331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005091452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001779238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004085799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988742,0.0002177528,0.00009275222,0.0001839609,0.0004174314,0.0002138435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942749,0.001506237,0.0002620179,0.0004147702,0.001513807,0.002028233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005231241,0.0002941453,0.0009523887,0.0002655848,0.00001153455,0.0001116941,0.0001739469,0.0002540478,0.0004189407,0.01029241,0.8556942,0.1314788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005637728,0.0001404233,0.003604172,0.0004261748,0.00001453388,0.0002543275,0.0002253094,0.0006180539,0.0003010463,0.03309239,0.9612535,0.00001367498],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.02273497,0.03095343,0.09227399,0.1561235,0.04660886,0.001658921,0.02451909,0.01391769,0.6112096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1106109,0.02247709,0.07088618,0.06427172,0.01969436,0.001973025,0.02689284,0.003211053,0.6799828],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2749538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.919812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.383188568202988,"score_gpt":0.5747813044805024,"score_spread":0.1915927362775143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}