{"id":"W4415669630","doi":"10.1093/mnras/staf1862","title":"Updated dark pixel fraction constraints on reionization’s end from the Lyman-series forests of XQR−30","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Alberta; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reionization; Lyman-alpha forest; Opacity; Quasar; Pixel; Dark Ages; Dark matter; Fraction (chemistry)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005489159,0.0002835066,0.0002496368,0.000866914,0.0002955353,0.0006256692,0.0003482344,0.0001394756,0.002533747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007230313,0.0002037354,0.0002796948,0.0003467384,0.0002623786,0.0003712049,0.0007454754,0.0002565083,0.0005433568],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002597997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007219056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003741155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004553487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998498,0.00001667872,0.000007707285,0.00004787824,0.00003383872,0.00004404222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992796,0.0001300468,0.0002188517,0.0001188982,0.0001075479,0.0001451103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004251672,0.0000317522,0.9265528,0.00003296845,0.00007305948,0.0001460687,0.0004986112,0.003318546,0.05205056,0.001992134,0.000821493,0.01405688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005815418,0.00002579931,0.9896047,0.000007716627,0.00001418458,0.00009177667,0.00009557007,0.003032055,0.005356845,0.000438844,0.001319731,0.000007026799],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951982,0.0001603094,0.00203414,0.00002158764,0.000002306957,0.000002530801,0.0005204756,0.00005359651,0.00200695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983906,0.00002929018,0.0005738385,0.00001699346,0.000003116947,0.000002070191,0.0007532021,0.00001992976,0.0002110617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003741155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008476198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005288242576947526,"score_gpt":0.200162638103094,"score_spread":0.1948743955261465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}